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Camellia sinensis  (L.)Kuntze.

   

Botanical Name

:

Camellia sinensis (L.)Kuntze.

English Name

:

Tea plant, Green tea, black tea

Synonym(s)

:

Camellia bohea L., Camellia thea Link., Camellia theifera Griff. , Thea bohea L., Thea sinensis L., Thea viridis L.

Family

:

Theaceae

 

General Info

Description

An evergreen shrub, when uncultivated, attaining as much as 30 feet in height, but seldom reaching more than 6 or 7 feet when under cultivation. It has numerous alternate branches, furnished with elliptical-oblong or lanceolate, short petiolate, pointed leaves, which are serrate except at the base, smooth on both sides, green, shining, pinnately veined and having a prominent midrib. They are two or three inches long, and from half an inch to an inch in breadth. The flowers are either solitary or supported, two or three together, at the axils of the leaves. They are of considerable size, not unlike those of the myrtle in appearance, consisting of a short green calyx with five or six lobes, of a corolla with from four to nine large unequal snow-white petals, of numerous stamens with yellow anthers and connected at their base, and of a pistil with a three-parted style. The fruit is a three-locular and three-seeded capsule.

Herb Effects

Cardiotonic, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant and astringent (leaves).

Links

Plants for a Future

Chemistry

Active Ingredients

(+)-Catechin, acetone, adenine, apigenin, ascorbic acid, astragalin, benzoic acid, benzyl-acetate, beta-carotene, beta-sesquiphellandrene, carvacrol, chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, citronellol, diphenylamine, epicatechin, epicatechin-gallate, epigallocatechin, farnesol, gallic acid, geranial, glutamine, guaiacol, hyperoside, indole, inositol, isoquercitrin, loliolide, lutein, lycopene, lysine, M-cresol, malic acid, methyl-salicylate, myrcene, neral, nerol, niacin, nicotinic acid, oxalic acid, palmitic acid, pantothenic acid, polyphenols, quercitrin, riboflavin, rutin, safrole, salicylaldehyde, salicyclic acid, strictinin, tannic acid, theobromine, thiamin, thymol, valeric acid, valine, vitexin (leaf); acetic acid, acetic acid, alanine, allantoin, arginine, caffeic acid, kaempferol, myricetin, (plant); alpha-amyrin, beta-amyrin, taraxerol (seed oil); alpha-terpineol, benzaldehyde, naringenin, nerolidol (shoot); benzyl-alcohol, beta-ionone, caffeine, geraniol (leaf, shoot); beta-sitosterol, linoleic acid, lupeol, oleic acid (seed); eugenol (fruit); quercetin (leaf, plant); theophylline (leaf, seed).

Chemistry of Active Ingredients
Product Categories

Name

CAS#

IUPAC Name

Formula

Structure

Product Categories
(+)-Catechin 5323-80-8 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)chroman-3,5,7-tri
ol
C15H14O6 Click Here To Enlarge
Acetone Not Available acetone C3H6O Click Here To Enlarge
Adenine 5426-35-7 7H-purin-6-amine C5H5N5 Click Here To Enlarge
Apigenin 520-36-5 4,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-h
ydroxyphenyl)-chrome
n-7-one
C15H10O5 Click Here To Enlarge
Ascorbic Acid Not Available 2-(1,2-dihydroxyethy
l)-4,5-dihydroxy-fur
an-3-one
C6H8O6 Click Here To Enlarge
Astragalin 480-10-4 4,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-h
ydroxyphenyl)-3-[3,4
,5-trihydroxy-6-(hyd
roxymethyl )oxan-2-
yl]oxy-chromen-7-one
C21H20O11 Click Here To Enlarge
Benzoic acid 8013-63-6 benzoic acid C7H6O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Benzyl acetate 21982-87-6 trimethyl-(2-phenoxy
ethyl)ammonium
C11H18NO+ Click Here To Enlarge
beta-Carotene Not Available 3,7,12,16-tetramethy
l-1,18-bis(2,6,6-tri
methyl-1-cyclohexeny
l)-octadec a-1,3,5,
7,9,11,13,15,17-nona
ene
C40H56 Click Here To Enlarge
beta-Sesquiphellandrene Not Available (6S)-2-methyl-6-(4-m
ethylidene-1-cyclohe
x-2-enyl)hept-2-ene
C15H24 Click Here To Enlarge
Carvacrol 499-75-2 2-methyl-5-propan-2-
yl-phenol
C10H14O Click Here To Enlarge
Chlorogenic acid 327-97-9 3-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyp
henyl)prop-2-enoylox
y]-1,4,5-trihydroxy-
cyclohexan e-1-carb
oxylic acid
C16H18O9 Click Here To Enlarge
Cinnamic acid 63938-16-9 3-phenylprop-2-enoic
acid
C9H8O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Citronellol 26489-01-0 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en
-1-ol
C10H20O Click Here To Enlarge
Diphenylamine 122-39-4 N-phenylaniline C12H11N Click Here To Enlarge
Epicatechin 490-46-0 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)chroman-3,5,7-tri
ol
C15H14O6 Click Here To Enlarge
Epigallocatechin 970-74-1 (2R,3R)-2-(3,4,5-tri
hydroxyphenyl)chroma
n-3,5,7-triol
C15H14O7 Click Here To Enlarge
Farnesol Not Available 3,7,11-trimethyldode
ca-2,6,10-trien-1-ol
C15H26O Click Here To Enlarge
Gallic acid 149-91-7 3,4,5-trihydroxybenz
oic acid
C7H6O5 Click Here To Enlarge
Geranial 141-27-5 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6
-dienal
C10H16O Click Here To Enlarge
Glutamine 6899-04-3 2-amino-4-carbamoyl-
butanoic acid
C5H10N2O3 Click Here To Enlarge
Guaiacol 90-05-1 2-methoxyphenol C7H8O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Hyperoside 482-36-0 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-
[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-
(hydroxyme thyl)oxa
n-2-yl]oxy-chromen-7
-one
C21H20O12 Click Here To Enlarge
Indole Not Available 1H-indole C8H7N Click Here To Enlarge
Inositol 551-72-4 cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,
5,6-hexol
C6H12O6 Click Here To Enlarge
Isoquercitrin 21637-25-2 3-[5-(1,2-dihydroxye
thyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-
oxolan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3
,4-dihydro xyphenyl
)-4,5-dihydroxy-chro
men-7-one
C21H20O12 Click Here To Enlarge
Loliolide 1133-03-5 6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-tri
methyl-6,7-dihydro-5
H-benzofuran-2-one
C11H16O3 Click Here To Enlarge
Lutein 34445-91-5 4-[18-(4-hydroxy-2,6
,6-trimethyl-1-cyclo
hexenyl)-3,7,12,16-t
etramethyl -octadec
a-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15
,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-
trimethyl-cyclohex-2
-e n-1-ol
C40H56O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Lycopene Not Available 2,6,10,14,19,23,27,3
1-octamethyldotriaco
nta-2,6,8,10,12,14,1
6,18,20,22 ,24,26,3
0-tridecaene
C40H56 Click Here To Enlarge
Lysine 923-27-3 2,6-diaminohexanoic
acid
C6H14N2O2 Click Here To Enlarge
M-cresol 3019-89-4 3-methylphenol C7H8O Click Here To Enlarge
Malic acid Not Available 2-hydroxybutanedioic
acid
C4H6O5 Click Here To Enlarge
Methyl salicylate 8024-54-2 methyl
2-hydroxybenzoate
C8H8O3 Click Here To Enlarge
Myrcene 2153-31-3 7-methyl-3-methylide
ne-octa-1,6-diene
C10H16 Click Here To Enlarge
Neral 96680-15-8 (2E)-3,7-dimethyloct
a-2,6-dienal
C10H16O Click Here To Enlarge
Nerol 106-24-1 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6
-dien-1-ol
C10H18O Click Here To Enlarge
Niacin 99148-57-9 Pyridine-3-carboxyli
c acid
C6H5NO2 Click Here To Enlarge
Nicotinic acid 99148-57-9 pyridine-3-carboxyli
c acid
C6H5NO2 Click Here To Enlarge
Oxalic acid 553-91-3 Oxalic acid C2H2O4 Click Here To Enlarge
Palmitic acid 66321-94-6 Hexadecanoic acid C16H32O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Pantothenic acid 599-54-2 3-[(2,4-dihydroxy-3,
3-dimethyl-butanoyl)
amino]propanoic acid
C9H17NO5 Click Here To Enlarge
Quercitrin 6151-25-3 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-
(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-
methyl-oxa n-2-yl)o
xy-chromen-7-one
C21H20O11 Click Here To Enlarge
Riboflavin Not Available Not Available C17H21N4O9P Click Here To Enlarge
Rutin Not Available 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-
[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-
[(3,4,5-tr ihydroxy
-6-methyl-tetrahydro
pyran-2-yl)oxymethyl
]tetrahydropyran-2-y
l] oxy-chromen-7-on
e trihydrate
C27H36O19 Click Here To Enlarge
Safrole Not Available 5-prop-2-enylbenzo[1
,3]dioxole
C10H10O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Salicylaldehyde Not Available 2-hydroxybenzaldehyd
e
C7H6O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Salicylic acid 8052-31-1 2-hydroxybenzoic
acid
C7H6O3 Click Here To Enlarge
Strictinin Not Available Not Available C27H22O18 Click Here To Enlarge
Tannic acid 1401-55-4 Not Available Not Available Click Here To Enlarge
Theobromine Not Available 3,7-dimethylpurine-2
,6-dione
C7H8N4O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Thiamin 59-43-8 2-[3-[(4-amino-2-met
hyl-pyrimidin-5-yl)m
ethyl]-4-methyl-1-th
ia-3-azoni acyclope
nta-2,4-dien-5-yl]et
hanol
C12H17N4OS+ Click Here To Enlarge
Thymol 89-83-8 5-methyl-2-propan-2-
yl-phenol
C10H14O Click Here To Enlarge
Valeric acid 70268-41-6 pentanoic acid C5H10O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Valine 7004-03-7 2-amino-3-methyl-but
anoic acid
C5H11NO2 Click Here To Enlarge
Vitexin 521-33-5 4,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-h
ydroxyphenyl)-8-[3,4
,5-trihydroxy-6-(hyd
roxymethyl )oxan-2-
yl]-chromen-5-one
C21H20O10 Click Here To Enlarge
Acetic acid 77671-22-8 acetic acid C2H4O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Alanine 35597-43-4 2-[2-[2-amino-4-(hyd
roxy-methyl-phosphor
yl)-butanoyl]aminopr
opanoylami no]propa
noic acid
C11H22N3O6P Click Here To Enlarge
Allantoin 97-59-6 (2,5-dioxoimidazolid
in-4-yl)urea
C4H6N4O3 Click Here To Enlarge
Arginine 7004-12-8 2-amino-5-guanidino-
pentanoic acid
C6H14N4O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Caffeic acid Not Available 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)prop-2-enoic acid
C9H8O4 Click Here To Enlarge
Kaempferol 80714-53-0 3-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-
6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-
[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-
(hydroxyme thyl)oxa
n-2-yl]oxy-oxan-2-yl
]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6
-(hydroxymethyl)oxan
-2 -yl]oxy-4,5-dihy
droxy-2-(4-hydroxyph
enyl)-chromen-7-one
C33H40O21 Click Here To Enlarge
Myricetin 529-44-2 3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(
3,4,5-trihydroxyphen
yl)-chromen-7-one
C15H10O8 Click Here To Enlarge
Alpha-Amyrin 638-95-9 4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,1
4b-octamethyl-2,3,4a
,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,
12a,14,14a
-tetradecahydro-1H-p
icen-3-ol
C30H50O Click Here To Enlarge
Beta-Amyrin 559-70-6 4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,1
4b-octamethyl-1,2,3,
4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,1
2a,14,14a- tetradec
ahydropicen-3-ol
C30H50O Click Here To Enlarge
Taraxerol 22076-46-6 4,4,6a,6a,8a,11,11,1
4b-octamethyl-1,2,3,
4a,5,6,8,9,10,12,12a
,13,14,14a
-tetradecahydropicen
-3-ol
C30H50O Click Here To Enlarge
alpha-Terpineol 10482-56-1 2-(4-methyl-1-cycloh
ex-3-enyl)propan-2-o
l
C10H18O Click Here To Enlarge
Benzaldehyde 100-52-7 benzaldehyde C7H6O Click Here To Enlarge
Naringenin Not Available 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-h
ydroxyphenyl)-chroma
n-4-one
C15H12O5 Click Here To Enlarge
Nerolidol 14528-94-0 3,7,11-trimethyldode
ca-1,6,10-trien-3-ol
C15H26O Click Here To Enlarge
Benzyl alcohol 185532-71-2 phenylmethanol C7H8O Click Here To Enlarge
Beta-ionone 14901-07-6 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1
-cyclohexenyl)but-3-
en-2-one
C13H20O Click Here To Enlarge
Caffeine 5743-12-4 1,3,7-trimethylpurin
e-2,6-dione hydrate
C8H12N4O3 Click Here To Enlarge
Geraniol 8007-13-4 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6
-dien-1-ol
C10H18O Click Here To Enlarge
Beta-sitosterol 5779-62-4 17-(5-ethyl-6-methyl
-heptan-2-yl)-10,13-
dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9
,11,12,14,
C29H50O Click Here To Enlarge
Linoleic acid 8024-22-4 Octadeca-9,12-dienoi
c acid
C18H32O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Lupeol Not Available Not Available C30H50O Click Here To Enlarge
Oleic acid 8046-01-3 octadec-9-enoic acid C18H34O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Eugenol 97-53-0 2-methoxy-4-prop-2-e
nyl-phenol
C10H12O2 Click Here To Enlarge
Quercetin Not Available 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)-3,4,5-trihydroxy
-chromen-7-one
C15H10O7 Click Here To Enlarge
Theophylline 75448-53-2 1,3-dimethyl-7H-puri
ne-2,6-dione
C7H8N4O2 Click Here To Enlarge

Pharmacology

Medicinal Use

In malaria, exert a decided influence over the nervous system, giving a feeling of comfort and exhilaration, but also producing an unnatural wakefulness when taken in large doses and antidote (leaf decoction); in the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis and gastro-enteritis, as a poultice or wash to treat cuts, burns, bruises, insect bites, ophthalmia, swellings etc (leaves).

Contraindication

Accumulated fluoride in the leaves of tea is a potential source of high fluoride ingestion & recommendations should be made to reduce consumption in patients who may be at risk of dental fluorosis (Kavanagh and Renehan, 1998).

Reference

Chandel et al., Biodiversity in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in India.


Araki R. Inoue S. Osborne MP. Telang NT. Chemoprevention of mammary preneoplasia. In vitro effects of a green tea polyphenol. Ann N Y Acad Sci1995 Sep 30;768:215-22.


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